Plastic optical fiber (POF) or polymer optical fiber is an optical fiber that is made out of polymer. Similar to glass optical fiber, POF transmits light (for illumination or data) through the core of the fiber. Its chief advantage over the glass product, other aspect being equal, is its robustness under bending and stretching.

• Pof Trans Options
• Pof Trans Option Chain

History[edit]

Since 2014 a full family of PHY transceivers have been available in the market enabling the design and manufacturing of home networking equipment delivering Gigabit speeds into the home.^{[citation needed]}

• In this article the state of the art in POF technology is presented by summarizing significant results achieved in the European project POF-ALL. Data transmission rates of more than 1 Gb/s over 50+ m and 100 Mb/s over 200+ m of standard step-index POF have been shown.
• Log in to POF.com with your username and password. At the top of the page click the button with the text Search. Whether you are performing a Basic Search or Advanced Search click the dropdown box with the miles in it. Select the number of miles you wish to limit your search results to.

One of the most exciting developments in polymer fibers has been the development of microstructured polymer optical fibers (mPOF), a type of photonic crystal fiber.^{[citation needed]}

Materials[edit]

Traditionally, PMMA (acrylic) comprises the core (96% of the cross section in a fiber 1mm in diameter), and fluorinated polymers are the cladding material. Since the late 1990s much higher performance graded-index (GI-POF) fiber based on amorphous fluoropolymer (poly(perfluoro-butenylvinyl ether), CYTOP^[1]) has begun to appear in the marketplace.^[2][3]Polymer optical fibers are typically manufactured using extrusion, in contrast to the method of pulling used for glass fibers.

Characteristics of PMMA POF[edit]

• PMMA and polystyrene are used as the core, with refractive indices of 1.49 and 1.59 respectively.
• Generally, fiber cladding is made of silicone resin (refractive index ~1.46).
• High refractive index difference is maintained between core and cladding.
• High numerical aperture.
• Have high mechanical flexibility and low cost.
• Industry-standard (IEC 60793-2-40 A4a.2) step-index fiber has a core diameter of 1mm.^[4]
• Attenuation loss is about 1 dB/m @ 650 nm.^[4]
• Bandwidth is ~5 MHz-km @ 650 nm.^[4]

Applications[edit]

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Data networks[edit]

POF has been called the 'consumer' optical fiber because the fiber and associated optical links, connectors, and installation are all inexpensive. Due to the attenuation and distortion characteristics of PMMA fibers, they are commonly used for low-speed, short-distance (up to 100 meters) applications in digital home appliances, home networks, industrial networks (PROFIBUS, PROFINET, Sercos, EtherCAT), and car networks (MOST). The perfluorinated polymer fibers are commonly used for much higher-speed applications such as data center wiring and building LAN wiring.

In relation to the future requirements of high-speed home networking, there has been an increasing interest in POF as a possible option for next-generation Gigabit/s links inside the home.[1] To this end, several European Research projects are active, such as POF-ALL [2] and POF-PLUS [3].

Sensors[edit]

Polymer optical fibers can be used for remote sensing and multiplexing due to their low cost and high resistance.^[5]

It is possible to write fiber Bragg gratings in single and multimode POF. There are advantages in doing this over using silica fiber since the POF can be stretched further without breaking, some applications are described in the PHOSFOS project page.

Standards[edit]

Optical fiber used in telecommunications is governed by European Standards EN 60793-2-40-2011.

Several standardization bodies at country, European, and worldwide levels are currently developing Gigabit communication standards for POF aimed towards home networking applications. It is expected the release at the beginning of 2012. [4]

An IEEE study group and later task force has been meeting since then until the publication on 2017 of the IEEE802.3bv Amendment. IEEE 802.3bv defines a 1 Gigabit/s full duplex transmission over SI-POF using red LED. It is called 1000BASE-RH.

This Gigabit POF IEEE standard is based on multilevel PAM modulation a frame structure, Tomlinson-Harashima Precoding and Multilevel coset coding modulation. The combination of all these techniques has proven to be an efficient way of achieving low-cost implementations at the same time that the transmission theoretical maximum capacity of the POF is approached.^{[citation needed]}

Other alternatives are schemes like DMT, PAM-2 NRZ, DFE equalization or PAM-4. VDE standard was published in 2013.^[6] After the publication the IEEE asked VDE to withdraw the specification and bring all the effort to IEEE. VDE withdrew the specification and a CFI was presented to IEEE in March 2014.^[7]

References[edit]

1. ^'What's CYTOP?'. agc.com. Retrieved September 7, 2015.
2. ^'Graded-Index Polymer Optical Fiber (GI-POF)'(PDF). thorlabs.com. Retrieved September 7, 2015.
3. ^'Manufacture of Perfluorinated Plastic Optical Fibers'(PDF). chromisfiber.com. 2004. Retrieved September 7, 2015.
4. ^ ^abc'The FOA Reference For Fiber Optics - Optical Fiber'. thefoa.org. February 12, 2011. Retrieved August 24, 2013.
5. ^Lopes N.; Sequeira F.; Gomes M.T.S.R.; Nogueira R.; Bilro L.; Zadorozhnaya O.A.; Rudnitskaya A.M. (2015). 'Fiber optic sensor modified by grafting of the molecularly imprinted polymer for the detection of ammonium in aqueous media'. Scientific and Technical Journal of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics. 15 (4): 568–577. doi:10.17586/2226-1494-2015-15-4-568-577.
6. ^'Archived copy'. Archived from the original on September 9, 2014. Retrieved September 9, 2014.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
7. ^www.ieee802.org/3/GEPOFSG/public/CFI/GigPOF%20CFI%20v_1_0.pdf

Literature[edit]

• C.M.Okonkwo, E. Tangdiongga, H. Yang, D. Visani, S. Loquai, R. Kruglov, B. Charbonnier, M. Ouzzif, I. Greiss, O. Ziemann, R. Gaudino, A. M. J. Koonen, 'Recent Results From the EU POF-PLUS Project: Multi-Gigabit Transmission Over 1 mm Core Diameter Plastic Optical Fibers', Journal of Lightwave Technology, Vol. 29., No.2., pp186–193 January 2011.
• Ziemann, O., Krauser, J., Zamzow, P.E., Daum, W.: POF Handbook - Optical Short Range Transmission Systems. 2nd ed., 2008, Springer, 884 p. 491 illus. in color, ISBN978-3-540-76628-5
• I. Möllers, D. Jäger, R. Gaudino, A. Nocivelli, H. Kragl, O. Ziemann, N. Weber, T. Koonen, C. Lezzi, A. Bluschke, S. Randel, “Plastic Optical Fiber Technology for Reliable Home Networking – Overview and Results of the EU Project POF-ALL,” IEEE Communications Magazine, Optical Communications Series, Vol.47, No.8, pp. 58–68, August 2009
• R. Pérez de Aranda, O. Ciordia, C. Pardo, “A standard for Gigabit Ethernet over POF. Product Implementation”, Proc. of POF Conference 2011. Bilbao
• S. Randel, C. Bunge, “Spectrally Efficient Polymer Optical Fiber Transmission”, Coherent Optical Communications, Subsystems and Systems, Proc. SPIE Vol. 7960
• J. Lee, 'Discrete Multitone Modulation for Short-Range Optical Communications,' PhD Thesis, University of Technology Eindhoven, 2009. Link.

External links[edit]

Polymer Optical Fiber

With polymer optical fibers (POF), both the fiber core and the cladding is manufactured from a polymer. Superior flexibility (high alternate bending loads with smaller bending radiuses), connection and transmission technology that is less expensive than silica-based systems, and simple assembly in the field are key advantages of polymer optical fibers.

Your advantages at a glance

• 100% final inspection to verify optical attenuation in high-volume production
• Economical connector systems and transmitters/receivers
• Fast, straightforward assembly technology
• Superior flexibility (high alternate bending loads with smaller bending radiuses)
• Can be assembled in the field (prior experience is useful but not required)
• We can also supply the various tools required

Product portfolio

• Link lengths up to 70 m, up to 150 m with suitable active components
• Temperature range: −40 °C to +85 °C, up to 105 °C with other cladding material
• Bandwidth-length product: >10 MHz × 100 m
  @ 650 nm
• Attenuation: <160 dB/km @ 650 nm
• Very broad spectrum of cable types
• Extensive assembly options

Product properties

• PMMA fiber core
• Fluoropolymer cladding
• Stable behavior in harsh environmental conditions
• Chemical resistance
• Suitable for use with drag chains
• Assembly with all standard connector types
• Can be assembled in the field

Ordering options

• Connector and assembly options for indoor and outdoor use
• Suitable for use with drag chains
• Media resistance
• Flame-retardant
• Pre-assembled
• Halogen-free with UL approval
• Profinet
• Buffer tube colors for multicore POF cables
• Buffered fibers with printed identification
• High NA available for higher power coupling

LEONI Fiber Optics performs a 100% final inspection to verify optical attenuation on all POF cables in high-volume production. This enables us to guarantee first-class quality for our products. Measuring attenuation on complete cable drums (250 and 500 m) is a particular challenge, due to the high optical attenuation of the POF. LEONI uses a measurement system specially developed for this purpose with an extremely high attenuation budget at 650 nm.

The maximum application temperature for standard POF is limited to 85 °C by the cladding material. By using a different cladding material, thermal stability can be increased to 105 °C. However, this also increases the kilometric attenuation slightly. The PMMA core material is the limiting factor for even higher temperatures.

Pof Trans Options

The numerical aperture of the fibers can be changed by using other cladding materials. High-NA POFs, i.e. fibers with a higher increased numerical aperture, permit higher power coupling in the fiber. Increasing the NA results in a lower bandwidth, however.

Pof Trans Option Chain

Please contact us for further information. We look forward to your inquiry.

Europe, Africa, and Asia (excl. China)
Phone +49 36764-81-100
Email fiber-optics@leoni.com

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Phone +86 519-8988-7783
Email fo-china@leoni.com

North and South America
Phone +1 757-258-4805
Email fo-americas@leoni.com

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